What is the definition of 'pedal point' in music?

The definition of 'pedal point' in music refers specifically to a sustained bass note that remains constant while the harmonies or chords above it change. This technique creates a sense of tension and contrast, as the listener hears the stability of the pedal note juxtaposed with the shifting harmonies. It's commonly used in various musical styles, including classical and jazz, to enhance emotional depth and complexity.

In jazz, this might manifest as a bass line that is maintained throughout a piece while improvisational melodies and chords evolve, allowing musicians to explore harmonic variations without losing the foundational tonal anchor provided by the pedal point. This technique can add richness and texture to a composition or performance, making it a fundamental component in both composition and arrangement. The other options do not adequately describe this concept, focusing instead on different musical elements that do not capture the characteristic of a pedal point.