What does the term "walking bass" refer to in jazz?

The term "walking bass" refers to a steady bass line that is played in a rhythm that emphasizes each beat. This technique is a fundamental characteristic of jazz and often involves the bass instrument playing notes in a manner that continuously propels the music forward, typically one note per beat. Walking bass lines often include a mix of chord tones, passing tones, and chromatic notes, creating a sense of movement that complements the harmonic structure of the piece.

This approach allows the bass player to provide a solid backbone for the ensemble, while also contributing to the overall groove and feel of the music. It is commonly used in styles such as swing and bebop, helping to maintain a steady pulse that supports both soloists and the overall rhythm. In this context, the walking bass serves as an essential element of jazz that enhances the genre's unique swinging quality.