In jazz, what does the term 'improvisation' primarily refer to?

The term 'improvisation' in jazz primarily refers to performing without preparation or written music. This aspect is crucial in jazz, as improvisation allows musicians to create spontaneous melodies and develop ideas in real-time during a performance. It emphasizes individual creativity and expression, enabling players to respond to the music as it unfolds. This practice is at the heart of jazz, as artists often elevate a familiar tune through their personal interpretation and interaction with other musicians.

Improvisation distinguishes jazz from other music genres that rely heavily on written compositions. The ability to improvise showcases a musician's skill, understanding of harmonies, and ability to communicate musically with others in a dynamic setting. This facet of jazz fosters a unique connection between the musicians and the audience, making each performance distinct.